{"id":54970,"date":"2025-06-05T15:09:38","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T07:09:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transit-asia.chss.nycu.edu.tw\/cms\/?p=54970"},"modified":"2025-07-21T13:59:49","modified_gmt":"2025-07-21T05:59:49","slug":"2025%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3%e8%b2%a9%e9%81%8b%e9%98%b2%e5%88%b6%e6%b3%95%e4%bf%ae%e6%b3%95%e9%80%b1%e5%b9%b4%e5%ad%b8%e8%a1%93%e7%a0%94%e8%a8%8e%e6%9c%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transit-asia.chss.nycu.edu.tw\/cms\/2025%e4%ba%ba%e5%8f%a3%e8%b2%a9%e9%81%8b%e9%98%b2%e5%88%b6%e6%b3%95%e4%bf%ae%e6%b3%95%e9%80%b1%e5%b9%b4%e5%ad%b8%e8%a1%93%e7%a0%94%e8%a8%8e%e6%9c%83\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5074\u8a18\uff08Conference Note\uff09\uff1a2025 \u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u9632\u5236\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u9031\u5e74\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\uff08Anniversary of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act Amendment &amp; the Prohibition of Forced Labor  Academic Symposium \uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><strong>\u5834\u6b21\u4e00\uff1a\u53f0\u7063\u79fb\u5de5\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u9055\u53cd\u570b\u5bb6\u6d88\u9664\u5f37\u8feb\u52de\u52d5\u4e4b\u4eba\u6b0a\u7fa9\u52d9\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4eba\uff5c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u694a\u96c5\u96ef\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u8207\u8ac7\u4eba\uff5c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7fc1\u71d5\u83c1\uff08\u570b\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff09\u3001\u738b\u5e7c\u73b2\uff08\u76e3\u5bdf\u9662\u76e3\u5bdf\u59d4\u54e1\uff09\u3001\u6797\u5c0f\u520a\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u81fa\u5317\u5730\u65b9\u6aa2\u5bdf\u7f72\u6aa2\u5bdf\u5b98\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p 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400;\">\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u96c5\u96ef\u8001\u5e2b\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u570b\u6cd5\u9662\u8207\u653f\u5e9c\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u79fb\u5de5\u7684\u610f\u9858\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\u6539\u5584\u6211\u570b\u79fb\u5de5\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u5f37\u5316\u79fb\u5de5\u9078\u64c7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u300c\u514d\u65bc\u525d\u524a\u300d\u8207\u300c\u9078\u64c7\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5f37\u8feb\u52de\u52d5\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u662f\u525d\u524a\u908a\u7de3\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u751f\u7522\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u76db\u884c\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u9593\u63a5\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u60e1\u52a3\u96c7\u4e3b\u7684\u72af\u884c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u6d88\u9664\u5f37\u8feb\u52de\u52d5\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u7fa9\u52d9\u9700\u8981\u627f\u64d4\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u5834\u6b21\u4e8c\uff1a\u9060\u6d0b\u6f01\u5de5\u5883\u5916\u8058\u50f1\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6aa2\u8a0e<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u4e3b\u8b1b\u4eba\uff5c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u90b1\u7fbd\u51e1\uff08\u570b\u7acb\u967d\u660e\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78\u79d1\u6280\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5b78\u9662\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u8207\u8ac7\u4eba\uff5c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6797\u826f\u69ae\uff08\u570b\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff09\u3001\u7d00\u60e0\u5bb9\uff08\u570b\u5bb6\u4eba\u6b0a\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u59d4\u54e1\uff09\u3001\u65bd\u9038\u7fd4\uff08\u53f0\u7063\u4eba\u6b0a\u4fc3\u9032\u6703\u8cc7\u6df1\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\uff09\u3001\u51cc\u6021\u83ef\uff08Work Better Innovations \u57f7\u884c\u9577\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\uff5c<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u51cc\u6021\u83ef\uff08Work Better Innovations \u57f7\u884c\u9577\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u5074\u8a18\u4f5c\u8005\uff5c<\/b>\u5f35\u96c5\u797a\uff08\u967d\u660e\u4ea4\u5927\u79d1\u6cd5\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u73ed\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 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style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][et_pb_accordion _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][et_pb_accordion_item title=&#8221;Conference Note \uff1a Anniversary of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act Amendment &#038; the Prohibition of Forced Labor Academic Symposium 2025&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; open=&#8221;on&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Event\uff1aAnniversary of the Human Trafficking Prevention Act Amendment &amp; the Prohibition of Forced Labor Academic Symposium 2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Date\uff1aApril, 30th<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">, 2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Venue\uff1aRoom HC104, Human Art &amp; Social Sciences Building III, Guangfu Campus, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University\uff08In-person session in Chinese\uff09, with simultaneous online interpretation\uff08in English\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Organizers\uff1aSchool of Law, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University; International Center for Cultural Studies \uff08ICCS\uff09, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Co-organizers\uff1aTaiwan Association for Human Rights; Taiwan Labor Front; Work Better Innovations<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Subproject\uff1aMigration, Unequal Citizenship, and Critical Legal Studies<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Subproject Principal Investigators\uff1a\uff08Joyce C.H. Liu\uff09, Yu-Fan, Chiu, and Mei-Ling, Pan<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Event Recording\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wwn0r12Yr7Q&amp;ab_channel=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83ICCS\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Event Transcript \uff08Download Available\uff09\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><a href=\"chrome-extension:\/\/efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj\/https:\/iccs.chss.nycu.edu.tw\/work\/files\/%E3%80%90%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A%E3%80%91%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E8%B2%A9%E9%81%8B%E9%98%B2%E5%88%B6%E6%B3%95%E4%BF%AE%E6%B3%95%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4%E8%88%87%E5%BC%B7%E8%BF%AB%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E7%A0%94%E8%A8%8E%E6%9C%83.pdf\">Link<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><strong>Keynote Speech\uff1aProgress and Challenges in Advancing Human Rights Protection for Migrant Workers in Taiwan&#8217;s Distant-Water Fisheries<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>Speaker\uff1aLawyer Ping-Cheng, Lo \uff08Former Minister without Portfolio, Executive Yuan\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Moderator\uff1aProfessor Joyce C.H. Liu, Director, International Center for Cultural Studies National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Session Note Author\uff1aYao-Chi, Chan \uff08Master\u2019s Student, School of Law, NYCU\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The symposium opened with remarks by Prof. Liu, Director of the International Center for Cultural Studies at National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University. Prof. Liu emphasized that despite its transformation throughout the history, slavery still persists in modern forms through legal and administrative frameworks, and are showcased in hidden forms of exploitation in distant-water fisheries, factories, agriculture, and domestic care sectors in Taiwan. She further underscored how the ambiguous legal classifications, such as \u201coffshore employment\u201d and \u201cforeign territorial waters,\u201d systematically exclude migrant workers from domestic labor protections in Taiwan. The selective application of legal norms creates structural inequalities. She stressed that laws not only serve as a governance tool but also determines who should be recognized as subjects of rights. When institutional design lacks coherence and integration, it easily becomes a structure that tacitly permits inequality. In spite of Taiwan&#8217;s recent efforts in legislation protections for emerging labor sectors, such as digital and AI-based work, remain inadequate.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the keynote speech delivered by Mr. Lo, Former Minister without Portfolio of the Executive Yuan and a practicing lawyer, reflected on Taiwan\u2019s human rights infrastructure and labor protections for migrant fishery workers. He noted that although Taiwan has incorporated most of the international human rights conventions, it has long lacked dedicated mechanisms for effective implementation. The establishment of the National Human Rights Commission is a milestone. However, further inter-ministerial coordination is required for meaningful policy implementation. Lo further emphasized that the promotion of \u201chuman rights mainstreaming\u201d should follow the example of gender mainstreaming to become a core component of policy assessment, budget allocation, and legislative drafting processes. With the engagement of external experts and inter-ministerial collaboration, Taiwan could gradually construct an institutional framework enough responsive and transparent.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Addressing human rights issue regarding Taiwan\u2019s distant-water fisheries, Lo offered a critical review on implementation and shortcomings of\u00a0Action Plan for Fisheries and Human Rights. As\u00a0a leading distant-water fishing nation, Taiwan heavily relies on migrant crews enduring hazardous, isolated, and overworked conditions, which leads to recurring violations of migrant fishers\u2019 human rights. Since 2018, several Taiwanese vessels have been subjected to Withhold Release Orders \uff08WRO\uff09 by U.S. Customs and Border Protection \uff08CBP\uff09 due to forced labor concerns. Furthermore, heightened scrutiny\u00a0regarding labor conditions in seafood supply chains from major markets, including EU, the U.S., and Japan, has intensified pressure on Taiwan\u2019s human rights governance in seafood supply chain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In response, Taiwan introduced the Action Plan for Fisheries and Human Rights in 2022, featuring seven core strategies\uff1a raising minimum wages, regulating working hours and rest, subsidizing onboard Wi-Fi and safety equipment, mandating CCTV installation, monitoring recruitment agencies, improving oversight of foreign-flagged vessels invested by Taiwanese nationals, and promoting international cooperation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, Lawyer Ping-Cheng Lo noted that plan implementation encountered multiple challenges, including wage gaps relative to ILO Maritime Labour Convention standards, insufficient CCTV data retention, low interest from vessel owners in Wi-Fi subsidies, and ambiguous accountability between recruitment agencies and employers. He also pointed out that Taiwan\u2019s dual-track employment system\u2014comprising \u201cdomestic employment\u201d and \u201coverseas employment\u201d\u2014created inequality by applying different labour standards to fishers working on the same Taiwanese-flagged vessels based solely on their recruitment location. Lo therefore called for unifying these standards to eliminate the disparities. In response, the Ministry of Agriculture has initiated the development of a second-phase action plan in 2025 and has commenced legislative work on the implementation act for the ILO C188 Convention. These efforts aim to further integrate the existing legal framework through formal legislation and policy continuity to enhance regulatory coherence and transparency.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the end of the session, Mr. Lo concluded the keynote speech by stressing that Taiwan must no longer view fisheries solely as an industrial concern but as an integral part of broader framework of national human rights policy. He noted that without effective implementation, even the most well-designed policies cannot adequately address the long-standing structural imbalances in labor relations. As global supply chains increasingly emphasize human rights duty and labor transparency, a lack of clear and responsive industry governance risks not only damages Taiwan\u2019s international reputation but also undermines the global competitiveness of seafood products. Effective implementation and coordination are key to building a transparent framework that advances sustainable and fair fisheries in Taiwan.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><strong>Session 1\uff1aDoes Taiwan\u2019s Migrant Worker System Violate the State\u2019s Human Rights Obligations to Eliminate Forced Labor\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Speaker\uff1a Ya-Wen, Yang, Assistant Researcher. Institutum Iurisprudentiae Academia Sinica<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Moderator\uff1a Yu-Lien Sun, Secretary-General, Taiwan Labour Front<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussants\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vivianne Weng, Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, National Chengchi University<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Yu-Ling Wang, Member of the Control Yuan<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hsiao-Kan Lin, Prosecutor, Taipei District Prosecutors Office<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Session Note Author\uff1aYi-Ju, Wu \uff08Master\u2019s Student, School of Law, NYCU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Moderator Mr. Yu-Lien Sun, opened the session with a case involving a migrant worker forced to choose between no overtime or unlimited overtime work, and ultimately led to injury due to over-loaded working. The case highlighted the session\u2019s core discussion\uff1a what constitutes true freedom and consent in the context of forced labor\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the keynote speech, Dr. Ya-Wen Yang analyzed the issue through ILO Convention No. 29 \uff08ILO C29\uff09, criticizing Taiwan\u2019s legal framework for its inadequate protections and flawed assumptions about voluntariness. She noted that despite years of international concern over the prevalence of forced labor in Taiwan, the Ministry of Labor continues to assert that the existing legal framework already fully incorporates the core standards of ILO C29. This stance has led to a systemic neglect of the forced labor issues that persist domestically. She also pointed out that migrant workers are three times more likely to face forced labor than their non-migrant counterparts, a reality that remains unacknowledged in government responses. The state\u2019s optimistic assertions highlight the gap between Taiwan\u2019s current legal and policy frameworks for combating human trafficking and forced labor. Yang emphasized that although Taiwan is not an ILO member, ILO C29 retains normative value due to its status as customary international law and its integration into broader UN treaty interpretations. Since Taiwan has implemented the ICCPR and ICESCR\u2014both of which are interpreted in conjunction with ILO C29\u2014the obligations derived from such interpretations should likewise be considered part of the country\u2019s human rights commitments. Accordingly, the international labour standards articulated in C29 should be integrated into Taiwan\u2019s legal system. Given Taiwan\u2019s exclusion from formal international organizations due to political pressure from China, she stressed that it is even more imperative for Taiwan to proactively align itself with global human rights norms to fulfill its \u201cTaiwan for the World\u201d and \u201chuman rights-based nation\u201d vision. She also compared two theoretical approaches to defining &#8220;unfree&#8221; labor. In the consent-based model, workers are considered free if no coercion is present, whereas the capability-based model\u2014drawing on Amartya Sen and Marxist theory\u2014considers workers genuinely free only when they have the substantive capacity to make choices. The ILO Committee of Experts has increasingly adopted the latter approach. In this light, she argued that eliminating forced labor requires more than banning explicit coercion. Comprehensive protections and minimum standards for working and living conditions are essential to prevent workers\u2014particularly migrants\u2014from accepting exploitative jobs out of economic desperation. For instance, debt bondage due to excessive recruitment fees remains a major problem. Governments must take proactive steps to implement the employer-pays principle to ensure that these costs do not fall on migrant workers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yang further noted that Taiwan\u2019s current legal framework lacks the penal force necessary to address forced labor in accordance with international standards. Although articles such as Article 296 of the Criminal Code and Article 5 of the Labor Standards Act prohibit forced labor, they are rarely applied effectively. She illustrated this with a 2011 Hsinchu court case in which the defendants were acquitted based on superficial interpretations of consent, while factors such as debt bondage, language barriers, and excessive recruitment fees were overlooked. Although the court cited ILO C29, it failed to acknowledge that language and economic constraints constitute forced labor. Alarmingly, the court even noted that applying the Labor Standards Act to migrant workers increased employer costs, thereby prompting agents to shift financial burdens onto the workers. Yang emphasized that this narrow legal reasoning exposes the structural vulnerability of migrant workers and reflects broader judicial indifference to labour rights. She concluded that Taiwan\u2019s institutions often fixate on whether migrant workers appear &#8220;willing&#8221; while ignoring their lack of real alternatives. The government bears a serious human rights obligation to proactively eliminate forced labor, not merely to punish individual perpetrators.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the panel discussion, Prof. Vivianne Weng advocated for the creation of a cross-ministerial task force and a system of tiered penalties. Ms. Yu-Ling Wang, Member of the Control Yuan, pointed out that Taiwan\u2019s current administrative measures are insufficient to address the systemic risks migrant laborers face. Ms. Hsiao-Kan Lin, a Prosecutor at the Taipei District Prosecutors Office, identified key factors behind low conviction rates, including difficulties in evidence collection, victims\u2019 limited ability to seek help or inconsistent testimonies, and a general lack of familiarity among judicial personnel with the legal components of trafficking offenses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the panel discussion, Prof. Vivianne Weng, Associate advocated for a cross-ministerial task force and tiered penalties. Ms. Yu-Ling Wang, Member of the Control Yuan, pointed out that Taiwan\u2019s current administrative measures are inadequate for addressing the systemic risks faced by migrant laborers. Ms. Hsiao-Kan Lin, as a Prosecutor at the Taipei District Prosecutors Office, pointed out the key factors of low conviction rate include difficulties in evidence collection, victims\u2019 limited ability to seek help or inconsistent testimonies, and a general lack of familiarity among judicial personnel with the legal elements of trafficking offenses.\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\">Session 2\uff1aA Review of the Overseas Employment System for Migrant Fishers<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>S<strong>peaker\uff1a Yu-Fan Chiu, NYCU Law<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Moderator\uff1a Bonny Ling, Director, Work Better Innovations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussants\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Liang-Jung Lin, College of Law, National Chengchi University<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Hui-Jung, Chi, Commissioner, National Human Rights Commission<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Bonny Ling, Director, Work Better Innovations<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Yi-Hsiang Shih, Senior Researcher, Taiwan Association for Human Right<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Session Note Author\uff1aYa-Chi, Zhang \uff08Master\u2019s Student, School of Law, NYCU<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the keynote speech, Yu-Fan Chiu, Associate Prof., NYCU Law, criticized Taiwan\u2019s longstanding institutional failures and unlawful administrative practices regarding labor protections for distant-water fishers. Prof. Chiu noted that Ministry of Labor has relied on press releases to argue that Taiwan-flagged vessels operating in international waters are not part of national territory, and thus excludes migrant fishers from Labor Standards Act application. However, under Article 3\uff083\uff09 of the Labor Standards Act \uff08LSA\uff09, the Act applies to all employment relationships within Taiwan. Therefore, she pointed out that since no formal legal exclusion has ever been issued by the Ministry of Labor \uff08MOL\uff09, distant-water fishers is still protected by LSA. Therefore, the claim that such workers are \u201cnot yet included\u201d lacks legal basis and violates the principle of the \u201crule of law in administration.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prof. Chiu further noted that both MOL and the Ministry of Agriculture \uff08MOA\uff09 have overstepped their authority by using informal statements to deny LSA application. MOA, in particular, has no power to issue binding interpretations of labor law. Even if contracts are signed abroad, if works are performed on Taiwan-flagged vessels, such employment relationship falls into Taiwan\u2019s jurisdiction. If current laws create administrative difficulty, the proper course is legal amendment, not unofficial policy interpretations for application exclusion.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Furthermore, Prof. Chiu presented concrete cases to illustrate that these administrative practices and dual-tract employment system cause migrant workers often subjected to excessively long working hours and wages far below the minimum standards set by LSA while unable to claim legal protections under the act, which fully meets one of the ILO indicators of forced labor\uff1a\u201cabusive working and living conditions.\u201dEventually, she pointed out that although the minimum monthly wage for distant-water migrant fishers has recently been \u201craised\u201d from 450 to 550 USD\u00a0 such number remains significantly below Taiwan\u2019s statutory minimum wage. It is ironic that the continued exploitation of these workers is being presented as a policy achievement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">During the panel discussion, Prof. Liang-Jung Lin emphasized that whether distant-water fishers are covered by Taiwan\u2019s Labor Standards Act reflects deeper issues in the institutional design of Taiwan\u2019s labor law. Regardless of one\u2019s stance, he outlined the law\u2019s regulatory nature and how its past expansions reflected a governance mindset based on nationality and sector. In this system, foreign distant-water fishers are especially marginalized, caught between being \u201cforeign\u201d and \u201cmaritime,\u201d making them one of the most vulnerable groups. He also noted that \u201cdomestic versus overseas employment\u201d system is originally a labor import tool, but is now misused to determine labor standards. This misuse has fragmented protections and created serious disparities.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ms. Hui-Jung Chi, Commissioner, National Human Rights Commission, cited data showing that over 18,000 distant-water fishers hired are currently not covered by the LSA despite working side by side in the same ports. They are subjected to entirely different labor standards simply due to the legal classification of their employment as \u201cdomestic\u201d or \u201coverseas.\u201d This discrepancy has led to significant disparities in wages and labor protections and has become one of the structural drivers of migrant worker absconding and disappearance. She called on the government to implement concrete reforms in multiple areas, to essentially fulfill the spirit of ILO Convention No. 188 to narrow the gap between Taiwan\u2019s practices and international human rights standards, and to avoid distant-water fishers remain excluded from meaningful labor protection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mr. Yi-Hsiang Shih from Taiwan Association for Human Right, based on his practical experience as a human rights advocate, identified the dual-track employment system as a key structural factor placing distant-water fishers at heightened risk of forced labor. Despite a series of reform measures introduced by the government since 2015, none have addressed the core problem inherent in the dual-track system, nor have they effectively safeguarded the fundamental labor rights of distant-water migrant fishers. He stated that the overseas employment system should be fully abolished, and that all foreign fishers working under the Taiwan flag should be brought under the full protection of the Labor Standards Act.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\">Eventually, Dr. Bonny Ling, Director, concluded the session by offering reflections grounded in international law and practical observation. While acknowledging the complexity of the jurisdictional landscape of maritime labour, she cautioned that such complexity must not serve as an excuse for creating a human rights protection vacuum. Citing the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea \uff08UNCLOS\uff09, Ling noted that a flag state bears full legal responsibility and is obligated to exercise effective jurisdiction over vessels flying its flag. Therefore, regardless of how remote fishing operations may be, the labour rights of workers aboard such vessels must be legally protected. Ling further argued that Taiwan, as a relatively small country, should leverage its institutional flexibility to serve as a testing ground for regulatory innovation by proposing progressive reform models. Rather than tolerating exploitation under the rationale of \u201cout of sight, out of existence,\u201d Taiwan should actively assume its international responsibilities and work to close legal and policy loopholes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_accordion_item][\/et_pb_accordion][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6d3b\u52d5\u540d\u7a31\uff5c2025\u4eba\u53e3\u8ca9\u904b\u9632\u5236\u6cd5\u4fee\u6cd5\u9031\u5e74\u8207\u5f37\u8feb\u52de\u52d5\u7981\u6b62\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703 \u65e5\u671f\uff5c2025\u5e744\u670830\u65e5 \u5730\u9ede\uff5c\u967d\u660e\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78\u5149\u5fa9\u6821\u5340\u4eba\u793e\u4e09\u9928HC104\u6559\u5ba4\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u5be6\u9ad4\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u6b65\u7dda\u4e0a\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u53e3\u8b6f\uff09 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